Key Points

Question  What is the risk of postneonatal infant mortality among infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) diagnosis or born to individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD)? [JAMA Peds]

Findings  In this cohort study of 390 075 infants, after adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics, the risk of postneonatal infant mortality was significantly higher for those born to individuals with OUD or diagnosed with NOWS as compared with unexposed infants.

Meaning  In this study, maternal OUD and NOWS diagnosis were associated with an increased risk of postneonatal infant mortality.

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